On 21 January 1924, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, the lead architect of the 1917 October Revolution and the foundational theorist of the world’s first successful socialist state, died at the age of 53. His passing was not merely the death of a man but a seismic event in the history of the global class struggle. It marked the end of the Bolshevik Revolution’s first, most dynamic phase and opened a period of intense contestation over the socialist project’s future. Lenin’s leadership was forged in the furnace of a collapsing Tsarist autocracy,…
